A nail

unguis, is (abl. ungui, Cat. 62, 43; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 46; id. C. 2, 8, 4; Prop. 1, 20, 39; cf. Charis. p. 120), m. [cf. Gr. ONUCh-, onux; Sanscr. nakha], a nail of a person's finger or toe.

Lit., Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 247; 10, 35, 52, § 106; 28, 2, 5, § 28; Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 51; 1, 19, 46; id. S. 1, 3, 101; Prop. 1, 20, 39; Ov. Am. 1, 7, 64; 2, 6, 4; id. A. A. 3, 708.—

Of animals. a claw, talon, hoof, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 247; Hor. C. 2, 19, 24; Ov. M. 4, 717; 10, 540; Col. 6, 12; Mart. 14, 199 al.—

Proverbial phrases.

Ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum, from top to toe, from the crown of his head to the sole of his foot, Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20.—

A rectā conscientiā transversum unguem non discedere, not to depart a finger's breadth in the least, Cic. Att. 13, 20, 4; cf.

ellipt.: urge igitur, nec transversum unguem, quod aiunt, a stilo,

id. Fam. 7, 25, 2:

si tu ex isto loco digitum transvorsum aut unguem latum excesseris,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 17 sq.; Hier. Ep. 127, 8 (v. transversus and digitus).—

Cum medium ostenderet unguem, i. e. showed utter derision, the greatest contempt (because the middle finger was regarded as indecent), Juv. 10, 53.—

Incestos amores De tenero meditatur ungui, i. e. from childhood, ex hapalôn onuchôn, Hor. C. 3, 6, 24 (for which:

a teneris unguiculis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2).—

Ad or in unguem, after the Gr. eis onucha or ep onuchos, to a hair, to a nicety, exactly, perfectly (an expression borrowed from sculptors, who, in modelling, give the finishing touch with the nail;

or joiners, who test the accuracy of joints in wood by the nail: materiem dolare ad unguem,

Col. 11, 2, 13:

ad unguem Factus homo,

highly polished, perfectly accomplished, Hor. S. 1, 5, 32; cf.:

carmen decies castigare ad unguem,

id. A. P. 294 Jan. ad loc.: suturae capitis [p. 1932] in unguem committuntur, Cels. 8, 1, § 12; Verg. G. 2, 277 Serv.; Vitr. 4, 6, 2; cf.

also: carmina molli numero fluere, ut per leve severos effundat junctura unguis,

Pers. 1, 65.—

Homo, cujus pluris erat unguis, quam tu totus es, a man whose little finger was worth more than your whole body, Petr. 57 fin. —

Rodere ungues, to bite the nails, i. e. to be buried in thought, etc.:

ille in versu faciendo Saepe caput scaberet vivos et roderet ungues,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 71; cf.: ungue meam morso saepe querere fidem. Prop. 3 (4), 25, 4:

et saepe inmeritos corrumpas dentibus ungues,

id. 2, 4, 3 (13).—

Transf.

Of plants, a nail-like spot, the tip, extremity, Plin. 12, 9, 19, § 36; 21, 18, 73, § 121; Col. 4, 24, 7; Pall. Febr. 12, 5.—

A kind of shell-fish, perh. the razor-fish, Varr. L. L. 5, 12, 23.—

A hook:

ferrei,

Col. 12, 18, 2. —

A white skin on the eye, a web, haw, pterugion, Cels. 7, 7, 4.

* * *

clāvus, i, m. [root klu-, v. claudo; prop. that which shuts or fastens].

A nail, usually of metal.

Lit.:

offerumentas habebis pluris Quam ulla navis longa clavos,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 48:

(leges) ad parietem fixae clavis ferreis,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 32; so,

clavi ferrei,

Cato, R. R. 18 fin.; Caes. B. G. 3, 13; Vitr. 7, 3 al.—Sometimes of hard wood:

clavis corneis occludere,

Cato, R. R. 18 fin.:

cornus... lignum utile, si quid cuneandum sit in ligno clavisve figendum ceu ferreis,

Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 206:

clavis religare tigna,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

clavos per modica intervalla figentes,

Liv. 28, 20, 4.—

Acc. to a Tuscan usage the ancient Romans designated the number of the year by nails, which the highest magistrate annually, at the Ides of September, drove into the wall of Jupiter's temple: clavo ab dictatore fixo,

Liv. 7, 3, 3 sqq.; 8, 18, 12 sq.; 9, 28, 6: clavus annalis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 56, 10 Müll.; cf.

O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 329 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 263. Also, in a later age, country people seem to have kept an account of the years in this way,

Petr. 135, 8, 9.—Prov.: clavo clavum eicere, to drive out one nail by another (Gr. hêlôi ton hêlon, pattalôi ton pattalon, sc. dei exelaunein):

novo quidam amore veterem amorem tamquam clavo clavum eiciendum putant,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 35, 75: aliquid trabali clavo figere, to fasten with a large nail, to clinch a matter, id. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53; Arn. 2, p. 51.—

As a symbol of immovable firmness:

Necessitas Clavos trabales Gestans,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 18:

si figit adamantinos Necessitas Clavos,

id. ib. 3, 24, 7; cf. O. Müll. as above cit., p. 331.—Hence,

Trop.:

ex hoc die clavum anni movebis,

i. e. reckon the beginning of the year, Cic. Att. 5, 15, 1:

fixus animus clavo Cupidinis,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 4.—Prov.:

beneficium trabali clavo figere (v. trabalis),

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53 Zumpt; cf. Arn. 2, p. 51.—

Meton. of objects of like form.

( Lit. the handle of the rudder, the tiller; hence, pars pro toto.) The rudder, helm, in gen. (only sing.): ut clavum rectum teneam, Enn. ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 2, 12 (Ann. v. 472 Vahl.):

clavum ad litora torquere,

Verg. A. 5, 177 Serv.; 10, 218.—

Trop.:

clavum tanti imperii tenere et gubernacula rei publicae tractare,

Cic. Sest. 9, 20:

abicere,

to leave off the care of a thing, Arn. 3, 106: dum clavum rectum teneam, if I keep a steady helm, am not negligent (as in Gr. orthan tan naun), Quint. 2, 17, 24 Spald.; cf. the passage of Enn. supra. —

In medic. lang., a painful tumor or excrescence, a wart, a corn; on the feet, Cels. 5, 28, 14. clavis in pedibus mederi, Plin. 20, 17, 71, § 184; 22, 23, 49, § 101 sq.; 26, 11, 66, § 106; 28, 16, 62, § 222;

on the eye,

Cels. 6, 7, 12;

in the nose,

Plin. 24, 14, 77, § 126;

upon the neck of cattle,

Col. 6, 14, 6;

in sheep,

id. 7, 5, 11.—Also a disease of the olive-tree, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 223.—

A kind of abortion of bees, Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 50.—

A purple stripe on the tunica, which, for senators, was broad (latus, cf. laticlavius); for the equites, narrow (angustus; cf.

angusticlavius). In the time of the emperors, however, the sons of the senators and equites also, who were preparing for civil office, wore the latus clavus,

Liv. 9, 7, 9; Varr. L. L. 9, § 79 Müll.; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 29 Jahn; cf. Hor. S. 1, 5, 36; 1, 6, 28; Quint. 11, 3, 138; Vell. 2, 88, 2; Suet. Aug. 94: tunicam ita consuere, ut altera plagula sit angustis clavis, altera latis, Varr L. L. 9, § 47 Müll.—Hence the phrase: latum clavum ab Caesare impetravi, i. e. I have become senator, Plin. Ep. 2, 9, 2; cf.:

clavum alicui tribuere,

Suet. Claud. 24:

impetrare,

id. Vesp. 4:

adimere,

id. Tib. 35:

adipisci,

id. Vesp. 2.—Rarely a purple stripe on bed or table cloths, Amm. 16, 8, 8.—

Poet., a tunic, in gen., either wide or narrow striped:

mutare in horas,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 10:

sumere depositum,

id. ib. 1, 6, 25.

* * *

* * *

* * *

ŏnychĭnus, a, um, adj., = onuchinos.

Of the color of the finger-nail, nail-colored:

pira,

Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 55:

pruna,

Col. 12, 10.—

Of the marble called onyx:

lapis,

Vulg. Gen. 2, 12.—As subst.:

onychinus,

the onyx, Vulg. Exod. 39, 13.— Transf., resembling the onyx ( poet.) of the coating of ice on rivers: tegimen onychinum, Laev ap. Gell. 19, 7 fin.—Subst.: ŏnychĭna (sc. vasa), n. plur., vessels of onyx, Lampr. Heliog. 32.

ŏnychĭnus, a, um, adj., = onuchinos.

Of the color of the finger-nail, nail-colored:

pira,

Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 55:

pruna,

Col. 12, 10.—

Of the marble called onyx:

lapis,

Vulg. Gen. 2, 12.—As subst.:

onychinus,

the onyx, Vulg. Exod. 39, 13.— Transf., resembling the onyx ( poet.) of the coating of ice on rivers: tegimen onychinum, Laev ap. Gell. 19, 7 fin.—Subst.: ŏnychĭna (sc. vasa), n. plur., vessels of onyx, Lampr. Heliog. 32.

* * *

• You have hit the nail on the head. (Plautus)

ăcus, ūs, f. [cf. 2. acer].

A needle or pin, as being pointed, both for common use and ornament:“quasarcinatrix veletiam ornatrix utitur,” Paul. ex Fest. p. 9 Müll.

Lit.:

mirabar vulnus, quod acu punctum videtur,

Cic. Mil. 24.—Hence, acu pingere, to embroider, Verg. A. 9, 582; Ov. M. 6, 23; cf. Plin. 8, 48, § 191; Isid. Orig. 19, 22, 22.—Esp. a hair-pin:

figat acus tortas sustineatque comas,

Mart. 14, 24:

foramen acūs,

the eye of a needle, Vulg. Matt. 19, 24.—Also, a surgeon's needle, a probe, Cels. 7, 17.—Hence,

Trop.: acu rem tangere, to touch the thing with a needle; in Engl. phrase, to hit the nail on the head, Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 19; so,

to denote careful and successful effort: si acum quaereres, acum invenisses,

id. Men. 2, 1, 13.—

The tongue of a buckle, Treb. Poll. Claud. 14.—

I. q. acus, ĕris, Col. 2, 10, 40.—

An implement of husbandry, Pall. 1, 43, 2.

ăcus, ĕris, n. (also, ūs, f., v. 1. acus, III.) [kindred with acus, ūs, Goth. ahana, old Norse agn, old Germ. Agana ], = achuron, the husk of grain and of pulse; chaff, Cato, R. R. 54, 2; Varr. R. R. 1, 52; 57; 3, 9, 8.

ăcus, i, m. [1. acus], a kind of sea-fish with a pointed snout, the hornpike or gar-pike (Gr. belonê):

acus sive belone unus piscium, etc.,

Plin. 9, 51, 76, § 166:

et satius tenues ducere credis acos,

Mart. 10, 37, 6; cf. Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 145, where belonae again occurs. (Some read una for unus in the passage from Plin., and acūs for acos in Mart., as if these forms belonged to 1. acus.)

ango, xi, ctum, and anxum, 3, v. a. ( perf. and sup. rest only on the assertion in Prisc. p. 895 P.; Diom. p. 366 P.; part. anctus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 24 Müll.; acc. to Prisc. l. c., the sup. is sometimes anxum; cf. Struve, 214) [the root of this word is widely diffused: ankos, a bend, hollow; whence, valley, ravine; from the notion of closeness, come anchô = to press tight, to strangle, throttle; ango; Germ. hangen, hängen; Engl. hang; angustus, anxius, anxietas; old Germ. Angust; Germ. Angst = Engl. anguish; from the notion of being bent, come ancus anculus, a crouching slave, ancora = Gr. ankura; angulus = Germ. Angel, Engl. angle; old Germ. Angul, a hook; Gael. ingle = nook for the fire, fireplace; ancale = ankalê, Engl. ankle; ancon, and the pr. names Ancon and Ancona; uncus, curved, crooked; ungula, claw; unguis, claw, nail; cf. Sanscr. ahus, close; ahas, anguish; ankāmi, to bend; ankas, the lap (sinus), a hook; for the other Greek words belonging to this group, v. L. and S. s. vv. ankos and anchô].

Lit., to bind, draw, or press together; of the throat, to throttle, strangle (so anchô; in this signif. antiquated; hence, in class. perh. only in the poets; in prose, instead of it, suffocare; cf. Diom. p. 361 P.):

angit inhaerens Elisos oculos et siccum sanguine guttur,

Verg. A. 8, 260; so id. G. 3, 497:

cum colla minantia monstri Angeret,

Stat. Th. 4, 828; 6, 270; Sil. 13, 584.—Hence, of plants, to choke, Col. 4, 2, 2; 6, 27, 7 al.—

Metaph.

To cause (physical) pain; hence, angi, to feel or suffer pain, Plin. 10, 60, 79, § 164. —

Most freq. of the mind, to distress, torment, torture, vex, trouble; and angi, to feel distressed, to suffer torment, etc.:

illum incommodis dictis angam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 11: cura angit hominem, * Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 8; * Lucr. 4, 1134:

cruciatu timoris angi?

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

multa sunt, quae me sollicitant anguntque,

id. Att. 1, 18:

angebar singularum horarum exspectatio ne,

id. ib. 9, 1 et saep.; Liv. 2, 7; 21, 1 al.:

ne munere te parvo beet aut incommodus angat (cruciet, cum non vult dare quod poscis, Cruqu.),

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 75:

ad humum maerore gravi deducit et angit,

id. A. P. 110:

poëta, meum qui pectus inaniter angit,

puts in torturing suspense, id. Ep. 2, 1, 211 al.:

Pompeius... curis animum mordacibus angit,

Luc. 2, 680 sq.:

Ea res animum illius anxit,

Gell. 1, 3:

(aemula eam) vehementer angebat,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 1, 6.—With de (in respect to):

de Statio manumisso et non nullis aliis rebus angor,

Cic. Att. 2, 18 fin.:

de quo angor et crucior,

id. ib. 7, 22.—Sometimes with gen. (on this const. cf. Roby, II. §

1321): absurde facis, qui angas te animi,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 1, 6:

(Sthenius) angebatur animi necessario, quod etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 34, 84. But Cic. also uses the abl.:

angor animo,

Brut. 2, 7: audio te animo angi, Fam. 16, 142; and acc. to some edd. Tusc. 1, 40, 96 Seyff. (v. further on this gen. s. v. animus).

calx, calcis, f. (m., Pers. 3, 105 dub.; Sil. 7, 696; cf. App. M. 7, p. 483 Oud.; Pers. 3, 105; Grat. Cyn. 278. Whether Lucil. ap. Charis, p. 72 P. belongs here or to 2. calx is undecided) [Sanscr. kar-, wound, kill; akin with lax, calcar, calceus], the heel.

Lit.:

calces deteris,

you tread on my heels, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 111:

quod si ipsa animi vis In capite aut umeris aut imis calcibus esse Posset,

Lucr. 3, 792; 5, 136: incursare pug nis, calcibus, pux kai lax, Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 53:

certare pugnis, calcibus, unguibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 27, 77:

uti pugnis et calcibus,

id. Sull. 25, 71:

concisus pugnis et calcibus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

subsellium calce premere,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68:

ferire pugno vel calce,

Quint. 2, 8, 13:

quadrupedemque citum ferratā (al. ferrato) calce fatigat,

Verg. A. 11, 714:

nudā calce vexare ilia equi,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 115; Sil. 7, 697; 13, 169; 17, 541:

nudis calcibus anguem premere,

Juv. 1, 43.—Also of the heels of animals, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 8; Col. 8, 2, 8:

quadrupes calcibus auras Verberat,

Verg. A. 10, 892.—Hence, caedere calcibus, to kick, laktizô, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 71:

calce petere aliquem,

to kick, Hor. S. 2, 1, 55:

ferire,

Ov. F. 3, 755:

extundere frontem,

Phaedr. 1, 21, 9:

calces remittere,

to kick, Nep. Eum. 5, 5; so,

reicere,

Dig. 9, 1, 5:

aut dic aut accipe calcem,

take a kick, Juv. 3, 295 al. —

Prov.: adversus stimulum calces (sc. jactare, etc.) = laktizein pros kentron (Aesch Agam. 1624; Pind. Pyth. 2, 174;

W. T. Act. 9, 5),

to kick against the pricks, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 28 Don. and Ruhnk.; cf. Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 55, and s. v. calcitro: calcem impingere alicui rei, to abandon any occupation:

Anglice,

to hang a thing on the nail, Petr. 46.—

Meton. (pars pro toto), the foot, in gen.:

calcemque terit jam calce,

Verg. A. 5, 324 Serv. and Heyne. —

Transf. to similar things.

In architecture: calces scaporum, the foot of the pillars of a staircase; Fr. patin de l'échiffre, Vitr. 9, praef. § 8.—

Calx mali, the foot of the mast, Vitr. 10, 3, 5.—

In agriculture, the piece of wood cut off with a scion, Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 156.

calx, calcis, f. (m., Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 24, and Cato, R. R. 18, 7; Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86; dub. Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 15; and id. Rep. Fragm. ap. Sen. Ep. 108 fin.; cf. Rudd. I. p. 37, n. 3; later collat. form calcis, is, f., Ven. Fort. Carm. 11, 11, 10) [chalix].

Liv.

A small stone used in gaming, a counter (less freq. than the dim. calculus, q. v.), Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86; Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 687 P.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46 Müll.—

Limestone, lime, whether slaked or not, Lucr. 6, 1067; Cic. Mil. 27, 74:

viva,

unslaked, quicklime, Vitr. 8, 7:

coquere,

to burn lime, Cato, R. R. 16; Vitr. 2, 5, 1: exstincta, slaked, id. l. l.:

macerata,

id. 7, 2; Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 177:

harenatus,

mixed with sand, mortar, Cato, R. R. 18, 7:

materies ex calce et harenā mixta,

Vitr. 7, 3.— Since the goal or limit in the race-ground was designated by lime (as later by chalk, v. creta), calx signifies,

Trop., the goal, end, or limit in the race-course (anciently marked with lime or chalk; opp. carceres, the starting-point; mostly ante-Aug.;

esp. freq. in Cic.): supremae calcis spatium,

Lucr. 6, 92 Lachm.; Sen. Ep. 108, 32; Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 24:

ad calcem pervenire,

Cic. Lael. 27, 101; so,

ad carceres a calce revocari,

i. e. to turn back from the end to the beginning, id. Sen. 23, 83:

nunc video calcem, ad quam (al. quem) cum sit decursum,

id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15: ab ipsā (al. ipso) calce revocati, id. Rep. Fragm. ap. Sen. l.l.; Quint. 8, 5, 30 dub.; v. Spald. N. cr. —

Prov., of speech:

extra calcem decurrere,

to digress from a theme, Amm. 21, 1, 14.—

In gen., the end, conclusion of a page, book, or writing (mostly post-class.):

si tamen in clausulā et calce pronuntietur sententia,

Quint. 8, 5, 30:

in calce epistulae,

Hier. Ep. 9; 26 fin.; 84 init.: in calce libri, id. Vit. St. Hil. fin.

calx, calcis, f. (m., Pers. 3, 105 dub.; Sil. 7, 696; cf. App. M. 7, p. 483 Oud.; Pers. 3, 105; Grat. Cyn. 278. Whether Lucil. ap. Charis, p. 72 P. belongs here or to 2. calx is undecided) [Sanscr. kar-, wound, kill; akin with lax, calcar, calceus], the heel.

Lit.:

calces deteris,

you tread on my heels, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 111:

quod si ipsa animi vis In capite aut umeris aut imis calcibus esse Posset,

Lucr. 3, 792; 5, 136: incursare pug nis, calcibus, pux kai lax, Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 53:

certare pugnis, calcibus, unguibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 27, 77:

uti pugnis et calcibus,

id. Sull. 25, 71:

concisus pugnis et calcibus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

subsellium calce premere,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68:

ferire pugno vel calce,

Quint. 2, 8, 13:

quadrupedemque citum ferratā (al. ferrato) calce fatigat,

Verg. A. 11, 714:

nudā calce vexare ilia equi,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 115; Sil. 7, 697; 13, 169; 17, 541:

nudis calcibus anguem premere,

Juv. 1, 43.—Also of the heels of animals, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 8; Col. 8, 2, 8:

quadrupes calcibus auras Verberat,

Verg. A. 10, 892.—Hence, caedere calcibus, to kick, laktizô, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 71:

calce petere aliquem,

to kick, Hor. S. 2, 1, 55:

ferire,

Ov. F. 3, 755:

extundere frontem,

Phaedr. 1, 21, 9:

calces remittere,

to kick, Nep. Eum. 5, 5; so,

reicere,

Dig. 9, 1, 5:

aut dic aut accipe calcem,

take a kick, Juv. 3, 295 al. —

Prov.: adversus stimulum calces (sc. jactare, etc.) = laktizein pros kentron (Aesch Agam. 1624; Pind. Pyth. 2, 174;

W. T. Act. 9, 5),

to kick against the pricks, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 28 Don. and Ruhnk.; cf. Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 55, and s. v. calcitro: calcem impingere alicui rei, to abandon any occupation:

Anglice,

to hang a thing on the nail, Petr. 46.—

Meton. (pars pro toto), the foot, in gen.:

calcemque terit jam calce,

Verg. A. 5, 324 Serv. and Heyne. —

Transf. to similar things.

In architecture: calces scaporum, the foot of the pillars of a staircase; Fr. patin de l'échiffre, Vitr. 9, praef. § 8.—

Calx mali, the foot of the mast, Vitr. 10, 3, 5.—

In agriculture, the piece of wood cut off with a scion, Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 156.

calx, calcis, f. (m., Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 24, and Cato, R. R. 18, 7; Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86; dub. Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 15; and id. Rep. Fragm. ap. Sen. Ep. 108 fin.; cf. Rudd. I. p. 37, n. 3; later collat. form calcis, is, f., Ven. Fort. Carm. 11, 11, 10) [chalix].

Liv.

A small stone used in gaming, a counter (less freq. than the dim. calculus, q. v.), Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86; Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 687 P.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46 Müll.—

Limestone, lime, whether slaked or not, Lucr. 6, 1067; Cic. Mil. 27, 74:

viva,

unslaked, quicklime, Vitr. 8, 7:

coquere,

to burn lime, Cato, R. R. 16; Vitr. 2, 5, 1: exstincta, slaked, id. l. l.:

macerata,

id. 7, 2; Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 177:

harenatus,

mixed with sand, mortar, Cato, R. R. 18, 7:

materies ex calce et harenā mixta,

Vitr. 7, 3.— Since the goal or limit in the race-ground was designated by lime (as later by chalk, v. creta), calx signifies,

Trop., the goal, end, or limit in the race-course (anciently marked with lime or chalk; opp. carceres, the starting-point; mostly ante-Aug.;

esp. freq. in Cic.): supremae calcis spatium,

Lucr. 6, 92 Lachm.; Sen. Ep. 108, 32; Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 24:

ad calcem pervenire,

Cic. Lael. 27, 101; so,

ad carceres a calce revocari,

i. e. to turn back from the end to the beginning, id. Sen. 23, 83:

nunc video calcem, ad quam (al. quem) cum sit decursum,

id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15: ab ipsā (al. ipso) calce revocati, id. Rep. Fragm. ap. Sen. l.l.; Quint. 8, 5, 30 dub.; v. Spald. N. cr. —

Prov., of speech:

extra calcem decurrere,

to digress from a theme, Amm. 21, 1, 14.—

In gen., the end, conclusion of a page, book, or writing (mostly post-class.):

si tamen in clausulā et calce pronuntietur sententia,

Quint. 8, 5, 30:

in calce epistulae,

Hier. Ep. 9; 26 fin.; 84 init.: in calce libri, id. Vit. St. Hil. fin.